The 7 Base Units of the Metric System

The 7 Base Units of the Metric System The decimal standard for measuring is a system of units of estimation that has developed from its 1874 birth in a conciliatory settlement to the more present day General Conference on Weights and Measures, or CGPM (Conferã ©rence Gã ©nã ©rale des Poids et Measures). The cutting edge framework is appropriately called the International System of Units, or SI, a shortening from the French Le Systã ¨me International dUnità ©s. Today, a great many people utilize the names metric and SI reciprocally. The 7 Base Metric Units The decimal standard is the fundamental arrangement of estimation units utilized in science. Every unit is viewed as dimensionally free of the others. These measurements will be estimations of length, mass, time, electric flow, temperature, measure of a substance, and glowing power. Here are meanings of the seven base units: Length: Meter (m) The meter is the metric unit of length. Its characterized as the length of the way light goes in a vacuum during 1/299,792,458 of a second.Mass: Kilogram (kg) The kilogram is the metric unit of mass. Its the mass of the worldwide model of the kilogram: a standard platinum/iridium 1 kg mass housed close to Paris at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM).Time: Second (s) The essential unit of time is the second. The second is characterized as the term of 9,192,631,770 motions of radiation comparing to the change between the two hyperfine degrees of cesium-133.Electric flow: Ampere (A) The fundamental unit of electric flow is the ampere. The ampere is characterized as the consistent current that, whenever kept up in two endlessly long straight equal conductors with an insignificant round cross-segment and put 1 m separated in a vacuum, would deliver a power between the conductors equivalent to 2 x 10-7 newtons for every meter of length.Temperature: Kel vin (K) The Kelvin is the unit of thermodynamic temperature. It is the division 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple purpose of water. The Kelvin scale is a flat out scale, so there is no degree.​ Measure of a Substance: Mole (mol) The mole is characterized as the measure of a substance that contains the same number of elements as there are iotas in 0.012 kilograms of carbon-12. At the point when the mole unit is utilized, the substances must be determined. For instance, the substances might be iotas, particles, particles, electrons, dairy animals, houses, or anything else.Luminous Intensity: candela (compact disc) The unit of glowing force, or light, is the candela. The candela is the brilliant force, in a provided guidance, of a source discharging monochromatic radiation of recurrence 540 x 1012 hertz with brilliant power toward that path of 1/683 watt for each steradian. These definitions are really strategies to understand the unit. Every acknowledgment was made with a one of a kind, sound hypothetical base to produce reproducible and precise outcomes. Other Important Metric Units Notwithstanding the seven base units, other metric units are ordinarily utilized: Liter (L) While the metric unit of volume is the cubic meter, m3, the most regularly utilized unit is the liter. A liter is equivalent in volume to one cubic decimeter, dm 3, which is a block that is 0.1 m on each side.Angstrom (Ã… ) One angstrom approaches 10-8 cm or 10-10 m. Named for Anders Jonas Ã… ngstrom, the unit is utilized to quantify the substance bond length and electromagnetic radiation wavelength.Cubic centimeter (cm3) A cubic centimeter is a typical unitâ used to gauge strong volume. The relating unit for fluid volume is the milliliter (mL), which is equivalent to one cubic centimeter.

Black Nationalism Essay

Dark Nationalism is the name given to enable developments among dark Americans, accentuating their African starting points and character, their pride in being dark, their longing to control their own networks, and here and there the craving to set up a dark country in Africa or some piece of the United States. An assessment of the underlying foundations of these developments and of the convictions, techniques, and objectives of each will show how they were associated and how they impact the appearance, conduct, and mentalities of Dee/Wangero. All through the nineteenth and mid twentieth hundreds of years, dark individuals were confronted with the horrid possibility of social, financial and political abuse in the public eye. It is now that the issues of Black Nationalism emerge. Wilson Moses expresses that the idea of Black Nationalism in both the nineteenth and twentieth hundreds of years depended first on a â€Å"subject† people under political, social and social mastery. It additionally speak to the longing to join separated individuals, endeavor to bind together politically those individuals whether they are inhabitants of African regions or relatives of those Africans who were arranged by the slave exchange. (Moses, 1978:17). In the mid-1960’s, the idealism of the Southern social liberties developments crumbled notwithstanding white lack of interest. It was the decade numerous African Americans recollect most for the sensational changes following the Civil Rights Movement that brought chances and development both exclusively and by and large. Around then Dee/Wangero was nevertheless a youngster and knew not of Lindsay 2 what was happening. She would later know the essentialness of her job throughout everyday life. Indeed, even as a youngster Dee/Wangero knew there is something else entirely to life than living in a shack of a house where there’s no good, racial cognizance, feeling of being or racial pride. The term â€Å"black nationalism† immediately advanced into the American educating yet not at all like the prior land-based patriotism, the term spread into writing, music and expressions of the human experience. Simultaneously, African Americans as a gathering were still captured in a framework that perceived individual rights rather than gathering or aggregate rights. Dee/Wangero grew up when there was proceeding with examples of racial disparity and abuse and alienation from white society. You could just talk a specific way and you were not permitted to cast a ballot, make changes, or voice your supposition. It was the point at which the least you know the less difficulty you would be in and Dee/Wangero had a great deal to state. She accepted there must be a superior world holding up out there, where human advancement and opportunity exist. The capacity to reproduce her picture is fundamental to her comprehension of what her identity is. Without self-articulation is bound to be characterized in restriction of â€Å"white† norms. Since all she knows depends on what she sees around her, any alleged progressive activity will undoubtedly rehash those of the oppressor. McCartney proposes that a Black’s want for displacement was to increase political opportunity and autonomy impractical for Blacks as a minority gathering. Everybody ought to be the originators of the occasions that lead to their predetermination and Dee/Wangero was worn out and tired of the existence she was living with her mom and sister and she got appalled with their social conditions that had brought forth powerless racial pride and lack of education. She needed to search out and locate a superior establishment to create autonomy and illumination thoughts. To roll out an improvement, she needed to recreate the picture of, however her relationship with, the maker, humankind, and the common and material universes. (Essien-Udom, 1962: 28). Lindsay 3 His accentuation on racial pride, political and financial self-assurance end up being an incredible message for African Americans during the mid twentieth century. Dee/Wangero would move away from home with expectations of building up her own general public, moral qualities, racial cognizance and confidence just as opportunity from white American position. She knew there was more to life than what she at present knew and would long to look for that information. She needed to find out about her way of life, history, where she was begun from and how it can transform her. She was resolved to roll out an improvement and when she got back she was certain and elevating. Dee/Wangero was persuaded that she needed to make everybody including her mom and sister, mindful of the requirement for Black Nationalism, since Black Nationalism can be contrasted with breathing and eating. Regular acts that is important that nature won't permit people to disregard them. (Malcolm X, 1992:1-3) No other race pioneer had roused such expectation in the hearts of the individuals since the speeches of Frederick Douglas, and fused these motivations (their yearnings) into handy grown-up training programs. She was shown social pride, social partition and monetary strengthening and she was confused that her mom and sister had not change at all and they were all the while living in the time of subjugation, abolishment and non-commitment. They have to roll out an improvement, make a big deal about themselves, things and circumstances are different and they are as a rule abandoned. Any change or new instruction appear â€Å"ridiculous† to them. Dee/Wangero mother had a blanket for quite a long time that she sew together and Dee/Wangero needed it since she knew the importance and significance of the blanket, she had examined, rehearsed and carry on with the life of an affected, internationalized advocate who valued the early introduction to Black Nationalism. Lindsay 4 The minor idea of leaving the blanket with her sister appeared to be inefficient and undervalued in light of the fact that her sister would and couldn't value the criticalness of the blanket and her sister and mom didn't have the foggiest idea about that this blanket implied a ton to her recently discovered life, culture and educating. (Colin, 1996: 56) Black Nationalism as an other to combination returns more than one hundred years, as dark leaders’ investigated elective political and social belief system to address segregation in the United Stated. Dee/Wangero rolled out the improvement, her demeanor, appearance and conduct talked social change, social information and genuine opportunity. She acknowledged various pictures, comprehend various belief systems and feel diverse force sensations. She had sustain a sample of genuine opportunity and genuine self assurance and she rediscovered love for darkness, good 'ol fashioned obscurity. The manner in which she dressed and the manner in which she talked said that she had beaten all the â€Å"backward† reasoning that was put upon her and her kin and she is at last ready to show this â€Å"new† Dee/Wangero without feeling persecuted. She was glad within and outwardly and this may appear â€Å"weird† to her mom and sister since she had developed profoundly, socially and had come to put stock in herself and her race. She was feeling better and would not alter her way of life and style and she needed them to â€Å"make something of themselves† and roll out an improvement for the better like she had. (1320).

Abbreviations After a Psychotherapists Name

Abbreviations After a Psychotherapist's Name More in Depression Treatment Medication Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Types Childhood Depression Suicide Psychotherapy is conducted by a professional with specialized training, for example, a psychiatrist, a trained counselor, social worker, or psychologist. But how do you make sense of the alphabet soup after their names? What are the qualifications of the person treating you? Doctoral Degrees Although its common to associate the title doctor with a medical doctor, this title can refer to anyone who has an advanced degree. That being said, just because someone calls themselves doctor doesnt mean they are qualified to offer you treatment. They could just as easily have a Ph.D. in English or archaeology. If you are in doubt, ask to see their full credentials. Here are some professional titles you may run into with therapy. M.D. (Medical Doctor) Training for an M.D. begins by earning a bachelors degree that includes coursework in subjects such as biology, physics, math, chemistry, and social sciences. After passing the Medical Competency Aptitude Test (MCAT), students then enroll in medical school where they complete two years of classroom coursework followed by two more years of clinical rotations in different medical facilities. After finishing medical school, students then complete a four-year residency in their specialty area. M.D.s are also required to pass tests to earn a medical license and obtain medical board certification. Psychiatrists are usually M.D.s. Because they possess a medical degree, they can prescribe medications, as well as administer psychotherapy. Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) Ph.D.  programs may offer degrees in many diverse areas ranging anywhere from agriculture to urban economic development. Psychologists often have this degree as well. Psychologists generally cannot prescribe medication, although in the states of Illinois, Louisiana, and New Mexico, appropriately trained psychologists may be granted the right to prescribe medications.   A Ph.D. requires first earning a bachelors degree, which usually takes four years to complete. Students may choose to earn an undergraduate degree in a subject such as psychology, sociology, counseling, education, or social work. The next step is to complete graduate school, which usually takes between four and seven years to finish. While degree requirements vary, Ph.D. programs tend to be research-oriented and require students to complete original research and a dissertation. Students are required to complete a supervised internship in a clinical setting and pass state exams before becoming a licensed psychologist. How to Earn a Ph.D. in Psychology Psy.D. (Doctor of Psychology) This type of psychology degree focuses more on the practice of psychology than scientific research and teaching.  The Psy.D. degree option emerged as an alternative to the Ph.D. and focused on training psychologists as mental health practitioners. A Psy.D. also takes between four and seven years to complete but is focused more on professional practice rather than research. Course work is focused on topics such as diagnosis, assessment, and clinical interventions. For psychologists, both a Ph.D. and Psy.D. require students to complete a supervised internship in a professional setting and pass state exams in order to be licensed. Overview of Psy.D. Doctorate Psychology Degree D.Min. (Doctor of Ministry) The Doctor of Ministry is a degree that may be held by a minister. The D.Min. degree is a professional degree that allows religious ministers to offer pastoral counseling. In the United States, the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada (ATS) requires students to first earn a Master of Divinity (M.Div.) or an equivalent degree and complete a minimum of three years of full-time ministry work before earning a D.Min. degree. A Doctor of Ministry degree usually takes between three and six years to complete. Masters Degrees Whereas doctors may have three to four years of education plus years of internship and residency beyond a bachelors degree, masters programs are generally closer to two years. Some degrees you may encounter include: M.S.W: Stands for Masters in Social Work. This is the degree that social workers generally possess. After completing a bachelors degree, it typically takes two to three years of graduate study to earn an M.S.W.M.Ed.: Stands for Masters in Education. Many counselors have this degree. It may be given in any field of education. This degree usually takes between two to three years of graduate study to complete.M.S.Ed.: Stands for Master of Science in Education.  Like an M.Ed., this degree usually takes two to three years to earn.M.S.  or M.A.: Stands for Masters of Science and Masters of Arts, respectively. These are the traditional degrees given by colleges of arts and sciences in the United States. Generally, a masters degree is not sufficient to be licensed as a psychologist, although some states and Canadian provinces do allow it.Ed.S.: Stands for Educational Specialist. This degree is actually intermediate between a Masters and a Doctorate. Some school psychologists and counselors h ave this degree. After earning a masters degree, students may opt to earn an Ed.S. as a way to advance their degree and skills. This degree often takes about two years to complete.M.Div.: Stands for Masters in  Divinity. Ministers who are pastoral counselors may have this degree. This degree (or its equivalent) is required for those interested in earning a D.Min. degree. Jobs for a Masters Degree in Psychology Licenses Some states required counselors to be licensed, conferring the titles L.P.C. (Licensed Professional Counselor) or M.F.C.C. (Marriage, Family, and Child Counselor). In some states, the title L.C.S.W., for Licensed Clinical Social Worker, may be used for social workers. Special Certifications Certifications are similar to licenses, but with a more limited scope of practice. Some certifications you may see include: CSAC:  Stands for Certified Substance Abuse Counselor. This person usually has at least a bachelors degree and some additional training in substance abuse.CAC: Stands for Certified Alcoholism Counselor. Similar to a CSAC, but with an emphasis on alcohol abuse. Depending on your state, CAC may also stand for Certified Addictions Counselor. In this case, the person would be qualified to deal with both drug and alcohol abuse. Board Certifications Physicians like psychiatrists generally pass specialty boards to become board-certified in their chosen specialty. Those may include: A.B.P.P: This board certification is a credential available through the American Board of Professional Psychology. Any psychologist who passes their exam may use these initials. Many psychologists do not get this certification, however.F.A.C.P.: Fellow, American College of Physicians. A Word From Verywell Its important that you develop a trusting relationship with your psychotherapist. If you are not sure of your psychotherapists credentials, ask. Reviewing credentials is typically part of an initial interview. How to Find the Right Therapist

Biomarkers And Prediction Of Disease - 1538 Words

Biomarkers and prediction of disease Biomarkers (also known as biological markers) are a measurement of a biological sample that is used for the prediction of a subject’s disease rate, early detection of disease, and to also enhance the diagnostic classification. (Simon, 2011). In order for biomarkers to be considered useful, they must meet specific criteria, including; accuracy, reliability, meaning that the results are stable when they are repeated numerous times, and therapeutic impact of early intervention (Ge Wang, 2012). The literature that will be investigated in this paper include, the specific biomarkers in cardiovascular disease, how nutrition can intervene with these biological markers, and also including the pros and cons of using biomarkers to predict disease. However, this review will not explore other diseases in relation to biomarkers. Biomarkers are referred to as a measurement of a biological sample, are a very useful piece of information that is obtained in order to predict a patient’s disease state, (Eapen, Ghasemzadeh, MacNamara, Quyyumi, 2014). Eapen et al. (2014) also states that biomarkers are used for three general purposes, those being; screening, diagnosis and prognosis. The â€Å"ideal† biomarker will fluctuate with the state of the disease, meaning that if the disease worsens or improves the biomarker will increase or decrease respectively (Eapen et al., 2014). Eapen et al., (2014) quotes In the case of a diagnostic biomarker, Bayes theoremShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of An Ideal Biomarker1807 Words   |  8 PagesVery recently, Biomarkers have got a higher level of interest in regards to clinical aspects and science with passing years. Biomarkers have the potential to be beneficial with regards to primary, secondary and tertiary prevention.There are several characteristics of an ideal biomarker which have been earlier stated such as them being easy as well as safe to measure. This includes the low cost of them which must include that of the follow up tests. Additionally, there must be scientific proof indicatingRead MoreEssay On Hepatitis C Mono911 Words   |  4 Pagesspecificity, AUROC curve, positive and negative predictive values of selected cut off values of Hepa-Index for prediction of significant hepatic fibrosis (≠¥ F2), severe hepatic fibrosis (≠¥ F3), and cirrhosis (F4) are summarized in table 3 respectively. Discussion: Serum fibrosis biomarkers are promising methods for staging hepatic fibrosis and monitoring both progression [17] and regression of liver disease in chronic hepatitis C [18]. Although their use is limited by being non-specific for the liver [19]Read MoreDirect Analytical Sample Quality Assessment (DASQ) for Biomarker Investigation: Qualifying CSF Samples978 Words   |  4 Pagesand the changes in their concentrations directly reflect the internal milieu of the brain: it offers a unique window to search for new biomarkers and to improve early diagnosis of neurological diseases [1-3]. However, the complexities of the brain and human neurological disorders represent a severe roadblock to identify novel neurological biomarkers. A biomarker can be defined as a biochemical, pharmacological or physiological, indicator of a specific biological state or of a defined biological stageRead MoreArgumentative Papers On Pspa876 Words   |  4 PagesProstate-specific antigen can no longer be consi dered as a classical biomarker whose levels are directly correlated with increasing stage of the disease. Moreover, the relationship with tumor grade remains unclear [6] Also classical prognostic tools based on pretreatment PSA levels, such as Partin tables [7] and Kattan nomograms [8], have become less reliable because of the continuous shift toward earlier stages of the disease at diagnosis. According to Thompson et al. [9], there is no true PSA cutoffRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis1568 Words   |  7 PagesRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by chronic, erosive polyarthritis and the presence of numerous autoantibodies in the serum and synovial fluid and membrane. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease that manifests in multiple joints of the body. The inflammation leads to erosions in the cartilage and bone and can cause joint deformity. Individuals with RA often experience pain and swelling of the joints. It was estimated in 2005 that 1.5 million peopleRead MoreLiver Biopsy Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesChronic liver diseases and liver biopsy. Chronic liver diseases encompass many different causes, including viral infections, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcohol abuse, primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary hemochromatosis, and autoimmune disease. All of these precipitate chronic damage to the liver via necroinflammation and subsequent cellular injury and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins distorting the hepatic architecture by forming hepatic fibrosis with abnormalRead MoreNursing Case Study973 Words   |  4 Pagescontents), many patients do not develop ARDS. Current research is evaluating the presence of biomarkers both to improve recognition and explore possible treatments. Treatment is currently supportive focusing on minimizing damage further lung damage. Management currently focuses on ventilator strategies and conservative fluid therapy, (Taylor, Chambers, Liu, 2017). Due to the complexity of this disease, informatics plays a large role in optimizing care for ARDs in the SICU. Three ways informaticsRead MoreIn The Last 100 Years There Were Major Challenges In The1688 Words   |  7 PagesIn the last 100 years there were major challenges in the field of mental health in regards to a lack of international consensus on diagnostic categories for mental disorders between the most used manuals the (ICD) international classification of diseases and (DSM) diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders which are still elusive until now and still struggle to fulfil its purpose (Hickie, Scott McGorry, 2013) as both of them depends on observation of mainly middle-aged people withRead MoreTuberculosis ( Tb ) Is A Airborne And Contagious Infectious Disease Caused By Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Bacilli Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesChapter One: Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a airborne and contagious-infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli, usually establishes its infection in the lungs and known as pulmonary tuberculosis also can affect other sites and known as extrapulmonary tuberculosis (Rodrigo,2006; Comas,2009). Human Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health problem for both developed and developing countries , is the second cause of death in worldwide, after the human immunodeficiencyRead MoreThe Biology Of A Cell Mass1676 Words   |  7 Pagesclassifications since there is no reflection of the entire tumor clinical heterogeneity. Therefore, they are not sufficient in making predictions for the adequate treatment of patients. The chances of survival for the patients suffering from cancer normally depends on the timely detection of the disease and in this perspective, the highly specific and sensitive methods of curing the disease take play. Notably, oncology can be revolutionaliuze3d t hrough the development of the bio affinity particle and in the process

Essay on Drug Discrimination - 708 Words

Drug Discrimination The legalization of marijuana is just as heated as it has been since the 1930s when it was first outlawed(Marijuana). Marijuana is a name given to any drugs made from the hemp plant, Cannabis(Grolier). To legalize or not to legalize is the question that has been plaguing politicians and no one knows the answer. It is a burning issue that just won’t go away like many had wished it would when it started. Nothing has been this heated since the alcohol prohibition in the 1920s. Why should people have the right to use something that is as bad to your health as marijuana? Well if you look at it millions of people smoke cigarettes and drink alcohol and that is legal, so why not marijuana too? Those opposed to†¦show more content†¦Money that is spent on the War against Drugs is about $75 billion a year for something that has not even come close to stopping the use of marijuana. 50 million people each year still try marijuana at least once with no adverse effects(Marij uana). This money is wasted, whereas the government could produce a revenue with the sale of marijuana. In fact 18 million people use marijuana once a month despite drug laws, and large amounts of people think it is acceptable(Marshall 89). Even with all of the chemicals in marijuana it is still of the safer drugs. In fact alcohol and cigarettes account for 95% of drug related deaths in the United States while marijuana only accounts for about 1%(Marijuana). A person would have to use 40,000 times the amount of marijuana needed to get high to overdose, whereas the amount of alcohol can be as low as 4 to 1(Nagorney). It is true, marijuana does have harmful consequences. As do cigarettes and alcohol but they are legal and kill more people. As for marijuana causing short term memory loss, this is partially true. Only while the person is intoxicated on marijuana is the person’s short term memory effected. After the effects wear off their short term memory will return in f ull(Marijuana). It is also true that marijuana may effect driving skills while a person is intoxicated but 85% of marijuana users that were involved in auto accidents were also underShow MoreRelatedEssay Prejudice Towards Men With Long Hair619 Words   |  3 Pageshas been discriminated against many times. For instance, many people assume he uses drugs because he has long hair. One example is when I was told that I shouldnt date him because he probably uses drugs. The only reason this person had for making this assumption was the fact that he had long hair. Another similar example happened while we were walking in the hallway. A boy came up to him and asked him where the drugs were in this school. My boyfriend said he did not know and the boy replied, You haveRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1361 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the War on Drugs and the federal drug policy unfairly targets communities of color, keeping a large majority of black men of varying ages in a cycl e of poverty and behind bars. The author proves that racism thrives by highlighting the African Americans reality as it is today. Virtually in many states, convicted felons cannot vote resulting in an extraordinary amount of African Americans barred from voting. A large number of blacks have served time in prison as a result of drug (acts of beingRead MoreIs It A Victim Of Persecution?1554 Words   |  7 Pages Herek Gillis,Kogan, Glunt, 1996, p. 697). The discrimination is another effect that the gay community is facing for the intolerance. In addition, discrimination in the workplace has been affecting people who have a different sexual orientation. Discrimination can involve hiring practices mostly performed against employees with a different sexual orientation. Another effect of discrimination in the workplace is firing. It is currently an illegal practice for an employerRead MoreDiscrimination Hurts Us All by Spencer Poku-Kankam1712 Words   |  7 Pages25th, 1961 article from the Milwaukee Journal titled, â€Å"Discrimination Hurts Us All,† Spencer Poku-Kankam from Ghana is quoted as saying, â€Å"When we experience discrimination, we wonder if this is the civilization we are supposed to copy. We cannot present America as the champion of democracy when we return to our countries because of our experiences in race discrimination.† The article goes on to say, â€Å"We have moral reaso ns for ending discrimination. They are buttressed by a selfish reason – we must validateRead MoreElectrex Stays Competitive by Employing Diverse Employees1187 Words   |  5 Pagesother is difficult to be heard which is a problem causing inequality and exclusion. Prejudice Discrimination What is prejudice and discrimination? Both of the terms may be having the similar meaning, yet they are different. Prejudice is about things to do with the irrational and also inflexible opinions and attitude that members of one group hold about another. On the other hand, discrimination somehow refers to the behaviors of the individual going for/ against another person or situation.Read MoreHealth and Social Care Level 3 Unit 2 Essay819 Words   |  4 Pagesexample of Culture discrimination in a health and social care setting is that someone from a certain culture might not be given the same amount of support and advice then someone else from another different culture. 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Case 5: Jennifer Erickson sued her employer, Bartell Drug Company, contending that its decision not to cover prescription contraceptives under its employee prescription drug plan constituted sex discrimination. Bartell argued that its decision was not sex discrimination becauseRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration On The Age Colorblindness Written By Legal Scholar1197 Words   |  5 Pagesas a life long journey toward freedom. Although, the civil right movement ended the Jim Crow era, the complexity of racism still existed and ultimately began the New Jim Crow era that scurried men of color in to prisons across the nation for minor drug offenses. Alexander describes the harsh realities that many black or brown men face living in today’s society under the new caste system of mass incarceration. Alexander depicts a structured caste system that continues to fondle with racism in subtle

HRM Models Free Essays

This report is about human resource management. Betcherman et al. (1994) defined human resource into three aspects: organizational and job design, organizational culture, and personnel policies and techniques as to ensure that the workers full prospective or potential can be achieved. We will write a custom essay sample on HRM Models or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to Storey (2001:5) Human Resource management is defined as ‘a distinctive approach to employment management which seeks to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic deployment of a highly committed and capable workforce, using an integrated array of cultural, structural and personnel techniques. Marchington and Wilkinson, (2002) identified through research that people really do make the difference in human resource management. The truth behind this is that it’s supported on ‘high-commitment’ model which ensures that investing in people/human resource makes good business. This lay a foundation for the human resource professionals to make point that people really are their most important resources to the organization which now leads to work out how principals can be then turned into practice. This report will show how human resource works in sports industry and there will be critical examine on hard and soft model followed in the Bolton Wanderers case study and which model is more prevalent and successful in day to day operations and management activities. Human resource management is the most important department in any organisation to improve their knowledge and increase a good strategy towards employees. Mainbody According to Storey (1992) there are two ideal and essential models of Human resource management one is ‘hard’ also known as Michigan model and other one is ‘soft’, i. . , Harvard model. The hard model of human resource management highlights the term ‘resource’ which adopts a logical approach in the management of employees in which people are taken as financial factor where cost must be controlled. Whereas, the soft model accentuate ‘human’ and hence training and development is given more emphasis in this model on a closer look to ensure the employee development and that the employees are adopting the strategies and policies so that a high level of staff can be achieved who can deliver their skills and give a better turnover in the competitive environment. Bratton and Gold, 1999) Michigan Model Legge (1995) states that in hard model there is a trend to see employees as to be supervised and mastered following quantitative, intellectual and calculative approach to get ensured that the work force is expeditiously positioned to get the maximum advantage. It is concerned with the no of employees and whether every single person is meeting the goals of the organisation. (Fombrun et al. , 1984). While planning the policies one part of hard model; administration need to know what is the turnover rate and is based more on statistics rather than behavioural science of human being (employees) and is more appropriate in sports sector where pressure of work is much more. Furthermore Michigan model is the human resource cycle, which starts from development, move forward to selection, performance, and appraisal and than back to development or to Reward. Related to Bolton Wanderers football club case study The development of the football club is the important part, but at Bolton Wanderers, it was not a good situation, because those were posted financially and have a high debt burden. The reason was a newly formed football stadium, when in 1999 Sam Allardyce was appointed as manager with the premises to promote the club from First Division to Premier League and to establish there with given opportunity. Moreover Bolton Wanderers ensure that every member was feeling to be a part of Bolton ‘family’. Furthermore the heavy debt burden effected on selection highly, because they could not attract the best players with huge salary. Thereby they decided to expand their scouting network and academic facilities to afford their own youth to be selected for the first team and prepared to play in a high level. So that many players, who was playing in first team came from their own team. So the club was trying to gain the commitment and goals of the players. The purpose of managing the system of rewards within the organisation is to attract and retain the human resources the organisation needs to achieve its objectives. To retain the services of players and maintain a high level of performance it is necessary to increase their motivation, commitment and flexibility by a variety of means, including appropriate management style, competitive compensation package and supportive culture (Armstrong and Murlis, 1994). This way clubs align their player and organisational objectives while the reward management is highlighted. Rewards not only comprise of just wages or salaries, bonus, commission, profit sharing but also non-financial rewards like for e. g. opportunities for career development. McKenna and Beech, 2002) Bolton Wanderers offered pay and a reward package to players and coaching staff, which was one of the some lowest costs within the Premier League. In addition the high investment in sport science was made that the player should be fit and can play and also the performance should be good. This technique was attracting some outstanding players because through the operation of these technique was for them possible to expand their playing careers. In addition players could advertise themselves for best club due to good performance. According to Cowling and mailer (1998) appraisals are essential to get a brief idea about the course of information which constantly elucidates the purpose and aims in pursuit of mutually agreed target between managers and subordinates. There are contradiction like people who support limiting its use, argues that linking it to pay can demoralize attempts to provide genuine criticism and an emotion-free review of strengths and weakness while the others who do think that the pay should be linked to appraisals debate that it helps in motivation and the employee involvement. In the sports context, employees in those cases receive appraisal from the news-channel, radio, newspaper and public. The satisfaction of the public is very important so they try to receive a good appraisal, which sometimes are not possible. A 360-degree performance based feedback can be done to obtain a collective review of the individual’s performance. A 360 degree, also known as multi-ratter feedback, is an appraisal technique in which ratings from numerous people like peers, boss, customers, team members, staff and self is taken and then from that feedback appraisals are done for the individual. Stone, 1998) Harvard Model In soft model alternative approaches through which problems can be solved are followed. (Beer et al. , 1984). The organisation attempts to balance the needs of the employees with the organisational requirements. The feelings of the employees are kept in mind rather than just thinking them as a mode of earning profit. The employees consent is seen notably. Staff dedication towards work is increased when they are involved in decision making and job design process. Furthermore Harvard model is the human resource system, where employees influence on human resource flow, reward and work system. Related to Bolton Wanderers Football Club case study As we can find out in the Bolton Wanderers case study training and development has been focused; to understand and learn about the organisation, their policies and implement them in the right way. Training comes under the soft model of human resource management. Training basically means learning the skills that are required in the organisation which is generally structured by the policy makers in such a way that it will develop the individual for the required work. There are two types of learning- learning as acquisition in which qualifications and skills attained are from formal structured courses; and learning as participation in which learning takes place while participating within the set of fellow workers. (Bach, 2005) Moreover the players and coaching staff influence the work system, through the decision if the player or the coach will work with each other. In Bolton Wanderers was the operation that the player from the youth has not any chance to choose the coach, because the still need a chance to play in first team and think afterwards to move to another club if there is any offer. Furthermore the reward is influenced by players to deliver a good performance, e. g. Bolton Wanderers was playing in season 2004-5 since 4 Years in Premier League and they also was attend in UEFA cup. Human resource flow conduced to motivated players from other players or coach. It is a high impact of employee staff such as coaching staff and players. Due to it increase the team work and every one is for each other there. Talking about hard model and soft model in the report, when we apply hard model which just focuses on placing skilled people required for the organisations objectives. Application of this model to the Bolton Wanderers which aims at reducing the costs ultimately leading to control and decrease the debt by following feedback method tells us that even when its important, applying Hard model does help in this case, as skills are required, rather than production. Finding right applicant for the right job is necessary rather than getting them in the job. Right recognition of an applicant is also very important as it saves the time for another recruitment it turns fail and thus, adds up to another cost in the accounts of an organization. Millmore et al. 2007) Conclusion To conclude the report it is better understood and observed that the applications of different models, practices and strategies have different implications depending on which industry we analyse the working and performance of the employees. Industries like banking or financial sectors have different set of rules to handle their employees inclining more on hard models of human resource mana gement. Where the sport industry also being success oriented centring the employees through their performance is inclined towards hard models. How to cite HRM Models, Papers

Political Science free essay sample

Parts One and Two (50%) will look much like the first two tests, a combination of multiple choice and short answer. The questions below are meant to help you prepare. Most of the questions are drawn from the reading assigned and class materials presented since the second test. 1. Define globalization. Provide two examples of two globalizing forces and explain each. 2. What is sovereignty? Identify to forces that challenge state sovereignty in the contemporary world. . What is liberalization and how is it different from democratization. Distinguish political liberalization from economic liberalization. Provide examples of each. 4. What is meritocracy and how is it different from democracy? Identify an example of a government or US state agency that is based on the principle of democracy and one based on the principle of meritocracy. 5. What is a bureaucracy and how is it different from a legislature? 6. What is divided government in the presidential system and how is it different from coalition government in a parliamentary system? Can China have divided government? Why or why not? 7. We will write a custom essay sample on Political Science or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Identify three ways that the National Peoples Congress is institutionally different from the US Congress. . Define terrorism, provide an example and explain why it is a good clear cut example of terrorism. 9. According to the book, under what conditions is terrorism most likely to emerge? 10. Define political culture and explain why it matters for the study of politics. Provide an example of how it matters. 1 1 . What is the Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and why does it matter for the study of politics? 2. Who is the president of China and how is the role of the president in China similar to or different from the role of the president in the US. 13. Identify three important changes in Chinese politics that have occurred in the Post Mao period. 14. What is accountability and why does it matter for the study of politics? 15. Define clientelism. Explain how it is different from interest group activity and why it matters for the study of politics. ty and describe three important characteristics ot Chinas party system and compare them with the US party system. 17. How is impeachment different from a vote of no confidence? 18. The text states that over the last hundred years the power of the American presidency relative to congress has grown. Give two reasons why this is so. 19. What is meant by democratic peace? 20. Define pluralism. 21. Define civil society. 22. What is human security and how is it different from the concept of national security? 23. What is the National Party Congress and how is it different from the National Peoples Congress? 24. Describe the relationship between the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese government. Explain how it is different from the relationship between the governing party and the government in the Westminster system. 25. What is an international intergovernmental organization (GO)? Provide an example. 6. What is a non-governmental organization (NGO)? Provide an example of an NGO acting at the international level. 27. Define soft power and distinguish it from hard power. Provide an example of each. 28. What are the basic tenants of Just war theory? What are the principles of Jus ad bello, Jus in bello and Jus post bello.. 29. What is a regime in domestic politics? What is meant by international regime? Provide an example of each and explain how they are different. 30. Most observers agree that global or international politics is formally anarchic. What does this mean and why does it matter? 31. What is a realist approach to international politics and how is it different from the liberal internationalist (or idealist) approach? 32. Write a normative statement about democracy and an empirical statement about democracy. 33. What is the central argument of modernization theory as articulated by Inglehart and Welzel? 34. What is GDP per capita and why does it matter for the study of politics? 35. Identify three other indicators of development besides GDP per capita. 36. Write a plausible hypothesis about the relationship between economic change and democracy. Identify the independent and dependent variables in your hypothesis. 37. The utopian elements of Marxism are clear to most people but liberalism can also be said to have utopian elements. Identify two utopian elements of liberalism and compare them to two elements of utopian thinking in Marxism. 38. The text describes five important trends that emerged in the post-cold war eriod. What are they? 39. In the chapter on China the author Marc Blecher refers to China as capitalist in the title but then as authoritarian communist on page 231. Which is it? Or can China be both. 7 Explain your answer in no more than two sentences. 40. What is the filibuster and why is it important for understanding American politics? 1. Would you say that Santa is a liberal a traditional conservative, some kind of Marxist or a democratic socialist? Explain in one sentence. Part Three: (2X 25=50%) will be comprised of two essays. Each essay should have a clear argument that and raw on the reading and class materials. Claims should be supported with logic, specific evidence and clea r, substantive examples. Terms should be clearly defined. Essay One: Everyone will write an essay in response to the following question. Write an essay comparing the nature of the regimes and the exercise of power in 1984 and Super Sad True Love Story. How would you characterize the regimes in each of these stories†would you say that they are both strong totalitarian states? Explain. Describe the operation of the third face of power in each story, providing at least two examples f its exercise from each story. Who benefits and who loses in these examples. Be sure to define your terms clearly. 1. Essay Two: You will be presented with one of the following essays: 2. Congratulations! Because of your expertise on political institutions and democracy you have been called upon to design a constitution for a newly founded country. Your mission is to create a constitutional framework that will foster a stable effective liberal democracy. Write an essay that sets out and some of the key constitutional elements that you will recommend for the newly established state. Start by providing a brief description of the characteristics of the relevant geographic, demographic and historical characteristics of your country that seem relevant to constitutional design and then select from among the institutions below. Explain how institution you choose is best given the characteristics of your country and your goals of stable effective democracy. . Unitary, federal or confederate system 4. Parliamentary or presidential system (or some other arrangement) 5. Unicameral, strong or weak bicameral assembly 6. FPTP(SMD/P), PR, or some other electoral system for the assembly? 7. The relationship between capitalism and democracy has been of interest to political philosophers for many years. Write an essay in which you delineate the most important ways that capitalism can both support and subvert democracy and the ways that democracy can both support and subvert capitalism.